January 21, 2025 - The different ways in which aquaculture is effectively reducing its impact on the planet will open and close the conference programme of the eighth edition of AquaFarm, the international exhibition-conference dedicated to aquaculture and the sustainable fishing industry, scheduled for February 12-13, at Pordenone Fiere.
With 51% of total production, farming is now the main source of fish, crustaceans and shellfish for human consumption. This figure, certified by the FAO, is set to increase in order to offer the growing world population healthy and safe food. It is therefore not surprising that researchers, industry investors and farmers are committed to reducing the impact of this increasingly important activity, so that it can continue to develop without damaging the planet.
'Aquaculture for the planet' is in fact the title of the opening session of the conference programme of this year's Fair. The protection of biodiversity and peaceful coexistence with the rest of the environment, especially in marine farming are issues of the utmost relevance today. The Andalusian Livestock Farmers' Association wants to demonstrate that such simultaneity is possible, with the candidacy of the Bay of Cadiz district as the first Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System (GIAHS) of the aquaculture sector in the world. The GIAHS certification rewards food production systems that integrate tradition, ties with local communities and economic sustainability.
Energy is crucial for aquaculture. When electricity and gas prices soared three years ago, many farms, especially on land, entered into crisis. Although the situation is less critical now, farmers have learned valuable lessons. Self-production for self-consumption is the goal: biogas obtained from wastewater and by-products or electricity produced through various photovoltaic solutions, including floating ones, complaint with current technologies and regulations. Alessandra Scognamiglio, coordinator of the ENEA Sustainable Agriboltaic task force and President of the Italian Association for Sustainable Agrivoltaics, will talk about this possibility.
Some go further, like Nutritech, which has developed an aquaponic farming system (fish and vegetables) that is completely autonomous from an energy point of view, based on renewable sources. The system, currently market ready, is managed by an artificial intelligence that monitors environmental parameters and takes action when necessary. The plant is also capable of self-producing oxygen, used for management and hydrogen, which powers a fuel cell.
Replicating the same level of autonomy at sea is not possible, but a lot can be done. Integrated multitrophic aquaculture, which will be illustrated by CREA with the BlueBoost project, involves the breeding of different aquatic species belonging to multiple trophic levels in the same production site, for example fish of high commercial value (sea bass, sea bream, grey mullet), filter-feeding shellfish (mussels, clams, oysters), detritivorous invertebrates (sea cucumber) and autotrophic species (macroalgae). The excreta of one species constitute the food of another. In this way, high productivity is obtained with low environmental impact.
It is in fact the valorisation of all the resources of a system the basis of circularity in farming, at the centre of the closing session of the official AquaFarm program. We will start with the increasingly widespread use of fish processing waste for feed, reducing its impact of fishing. Enrico Bachis, Market Research Director of IFFO - International Fish Feed Organisation, will talk about it. Along the same lines, but with 'terrestrial' resources, the WIN4FEED - Waste & Insect for Feed project by Fondazione Mach works, aiming to use the by-products of food processing as a growth medium for insect larvae, a source of protein for fish feed. Instead of insects, the research by the University of Verona talks about microbes, with aim to modify anaerobic digesters for biogas to use the gestate as a substrate for the microbial production of proteins for feed.
For the circular trout farming project CircularRainbow, coordinated by the University of Udine, the material to be reused as much as possible is water. Trout farms on dry land throughout Europe have to deal with a greater irregularity in the availability of running water. The project therefore aims to recirculate water in a largely closed system. A further advantage of this solution is the possibility of recovering waste waters and sludge to feed them into biogas digesters and thus improve the energy balance of the farms. The session closes with a novelty among farming techniques: vertical haloponics (aquaponics in brackish water), which combines hydroponics, vertical farming and closed-cycle farming. In the version developed by the University of Padua, salt-tolerant plant species are grown in vertical hydroponics and used as food for shrimp. The sludge from the system is treated using vermicomposting techniques and valorised as bio fertiliser. Eartworms are finally used as a food supplement for the shrimp, closing the circle.
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The Aquaculturists
