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| Some of the participants at Offshore Mariculture |
The Statement adopted at the conclusion of the Conference drew from a number of preceding declarations – including the 2010 Global Conference on Aquaculture, the Phuket Consensus of 2010, and the Colombo Declaration of 2011, all of which have emphasized the critical role for aquaculture in feeding the world, stimulating economic development, providing employment and reducing existing negative impacts on the marine environment. Most recently, the Bremerhaven Declaration of 2012 spoke specifically of the need for increased research, development, investment and policy frameworks for open ocean aquaculture.
“There is growing interest from the private sector in exploring the potential for aquaculture in waters that are increasingly deeper, and further offshore” said Conference Chairman, Neil Anthony Sims, of Kampachi Farms, LLC. “Given that many nations – such as those in the Mediterranean – still only exert national authority as far as 12 miles offshore, then there is a looming question about what happens in the “Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction” (ABNJ). We need to start to address this in anticipation of, and in order to encourage these developments”.
The Conference heard Keynote presentations from Alessandro Lovatelli, FAO Aquaculture Officer; Paul Holthus of World Ocean Council; and Harald Rosenthal who had Chaired the Bremerhaven Conference. Each spoke of the opportunity and the imperative for aquaculture’s rights and responsibilities to be better defined in ABNJ. Mr Holthus described how many international conventions and agreements regarding ABNJ are either already established, or are under discussion, without any real consideration of the potential for aquaculture, and with minimal consultation with industry.
The Conference was officially opened by Dr Durali Kocak, the Director-General of Fisheries and Aquaculture at the Turkish Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, who described how the Turkish government had prioritized aquaculture development. The industry in Turkey is expanding at a phenomenal rate, as it indeed must, to meet the growing demand, but care is being taken to ensure that such growth is within the sea’s ecological limits, he said.
Other presentations explored a range of planning and management tools that are being set up around the world – the Philippines, Australia, the Basque country of Spain, and host country Turkey – to better integrate aquaculture into coastal planning initiatives. New species development, provision of seed (fish fingerlings or bivalve spat) and feed developments for offshore mariculture were also reviewed.
Michael Ebeling, of the Wegner Institute in Germany, and Dr Amir Neori of the Israeli Oceanographic institute (together with Gamze Turan of Ege University) spoke on the potential to co-locate aquaculture and offshore energy projects such as wind farms, and the prospects and need for macroalgae culture in offshore locations. Economic analysis of the co-location plans suggests that mussels may prove profitable, but fin-fish and macroalgae culture require further engineering to achieve efficient scale and valued products.
On the second day of the Conference, a number of presentations highlighted engineering improvements to offshore net pen systems, including dramatic video footage of sharks trying in vain to break through Dyneema’s Pred-X (by Margot van Wunnick and Felipe Ramirez of DSM-Dyneema), and AKVA’s Econet / Kikkonet (Douglas Johnson of AKVA, with input on new mesh sizes from Massimo Branzanti of Maccaferri), along with data demonstrating the antifouling properties of brass alloy meshes (Dr Murat Yigit of Canakkale University, in conjunction with International Copper Association). The day also included reviews of new developments in single-point mooring systems for self-submerging surface pens (Mohamed Shainee of Norway’s NTNU) and for shrimp culture in Aquapods (Steve Page of Ocean Farms Technologies), tension leg cages (Darko Lisac of RefaMed) and testing of more robust surface pens and unanchored ‘drifter cages’ (Sims, of Kampachi Farms). New advances in net pens and service vessels for exposed Norwegian salmon farm sites were presented by Finn Willumsen of AquaCulture Engineering AS, and Mats Heide of SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture, respectively. Individual farm sites in Norway are now up to 12,000 T production capacity, using 160 m diameter net pens, and serviced with boats over 80 m in length.
On the last afternoon of sessions, Hayri Deniz of the Turkish Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock gave an overview of the government’s role in supporting industry expansion, including regulations intended to foster farm growth further offshore, as part of integrated coastal management plans. Turkey now has the 3rd fastest growth rate in aquaculture globally, he stated. This was then followed by two company presentations detailing the rapid expansion in seabass and sea bream production in Turkey. Oznur Yildiz of Kilic Sea Products described her company’s present rate of growth at over 40 percent per year. Ozlem Guzel of Camli Feed Products and Pinar Aquaculture outlined the vertically integrated approach of her company, and the broader Turkish industry.
On the final day, conference attendees were give a first-hand look at the booming Turkish aquaculture industry, as they were hosted on a tour of fish processing facilities; a boat trip out to exposed farm sites for seabass, seabream and tuna; and a walk-through of marine fish hatchery facilities in the Izmir area.
Attendees at the Conference included both experienced and aspiring investors and entrepreneurs; fish farm owners, managers and operators; makers and distributors of net pens and mesh materials; feedstuff suppliers and feed manufacturers; and researchers into new species, new farm technologies, genetics, and fish health. Over 25 nationalities were represented at the Conference, including attendees from Chile, Canada, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Germany, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Norway, UK, USA, Australia, Israel and the Lebanon. The Conference Gala Dinner on the superyacht Lamia – hosted by the Turkish government – offered a superb sampling of Turkish seafood - mostly cultured, of course! – and Turkish olives, cheeses, wines and music. Many new friendships were forged on the aft deck of the SY Lamia that night.
The dates and venue for the 2014 Offshore Mariculture Conference will be released shortly.
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